OXFORD CATALYSTS Forum: Community User: Martin82

Scheiss lockdown zieht kräftig runter.

Hey Dart danke für die Infos. Die Iata hat bis soweit ich weiß bis 2019 7 Verfahren anerkannt mit denen man SAF herstellen kann. Red Rock hat 4 Reaktoren von Velocys gekauft und hat mit denen die Möglichkeit bis zu 60 Millionen Litern pro Jahr an Biotreibstoff herzustellen. Wie viel davon letztendlich durch die Velocysreaktoren hergestellt werden, oder ob die mit der angepeilten Menge überhaupt was zu tun haben weiß ich leider nicht, da eigentlich schon 2017 diese Technik installiert sein sollte. Auf Seite 6 ist jedenfalls red rock biofuels mit der Velocys Technologie zu sehen https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/03/f34/alternative_aviation_fuels_report.pdf

Morgen frag ich euch ab....

@dart👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻 danke für die Mühe

Catalytic Hydrothermolysis Synthesized Kerosene (CH-SK, or CHJ) zugelassen (2020) Blending: Required to be blended with petroleum-based jet fuel, up to a 50% maximum level. Feedstock(s): Specifically, fatty acids and fatty acid esters, or more generally various lipids that come from plant and animal fats, oils and greases (FOGs). Process/Product Description: Hydroprocessed synthesized kerosene containing normal and iso-paraffins, cycloparaffins, and aromatics produced from hydrothermal conversion of fatty acid esters and free fatty acids along with any combination of hydrotreating, hydrocracking, or hydroisomerization, and other conventional refinery processes, but including fractionation as a final process step.

Alcohol to Jet Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (ATJ-SPK) zugelassen (2016) Blending: Required to be blended with petroleum-based jet fuel, up to a 50% maximum level. Feedstock(s): This annex is intended to eventually cover the use of any 2 to 5 carbon alcohols, but at present, it only allows the individual use of ethanol and isobutanol. The alcohols can come from any source, but are usually derived from fermentation of starches/sugars, which themselves can come from starch/sugar producing feedstocks (e.g. field corn, sweet sorghum, cane, sugar beets, tubers) or derived from cellulosic biomass (e.g. via hydrolysis from lignocellulose). Process/Product Description: Dehydration of isobutanol or ethanol followed by oligomerization, hydrogenation and fractionation to yield a hydrocarbon jet fuel blending component.

Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) zugelassen (2015) Blending: Required to be blended with petroleum-based jet fuel, up to a 50% maximum level. Feedstock(s): Same as Annex A1. Process/Product Description: Uses the FT Synthesis Process plus the alkylation of light aromatics (primarily benzene) to create a hydrocarbon blend that includes aromatic compounds that are required to ensure elastomer seal swell in aircraft components to prevent fuel leaks. FT-SPK/A introduces the migration toward fuels that offer a full spectrum of molecules found in petroleum-based jet fuel, rather than just paraffins.

Hydroprocessed Fermented Sugars to Synthetic Isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) zugelassen (2014) Blending: Required to be blended with petroleum-based jet fuel, up to a 10% maximum level. Feedstock(s): Sugars Process/Product Description: The process uses modified yeasts to ferment sugars into a hydrocarbon molecule. This produces a C15 hydrocarbon molecule called farnesene, which after hydroprocessing to farnesane, can be used as a blendstock in jet fuel.

Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HEFA-SPK) zugelassen (2011) Blending: Required to be blended with petroleum-based jet fuel, up to a 50% maximum level. Feedstock(s): Specifically, fatty acids and fatty acid esters, or more generally various lipids that come from plant and animal fats, oils, and greases (FOGs). Process/Product Description: Natural oils are converted from lipids to hydrocarbons by treating the oil with hydrogen to remove oxygen and other less desirable molecules. The hydrocarbons are cracked and isomerized, creating a synthetic jet fuel

Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) zugelassen (2009) Blending: Required to be blended with petroleum-based jet fuel, up to a 50% maximum level. Feedstock(s): Syngas. Syngas is typically produced from the gasification of biomass such as municipal solid waste (MSW), agricultural and forest wastes, and wood and energy crops, as well as non-renewable feedstocks such as coal and natural gas. The feedstock is gasified at high temperatures (1200 to 1600 degrees Celsius), which deconstructs the feedstock into carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and CO2 primarily, as well as some ash. The gas mixture is separated and cleaned to produce pure syngas, and it is then converted to long carbon chain waxes through the FT Synthesis Process. Syngas, or its components, can also come from other industrial processes. Process/Product Description: The Fischer-Tropsch (FT) Synthesis Process is a catalyzed chemical reaction in which synthesis gas is converted into liquid hydrocarbons of various forms via the use of a reactor with cobalt or iron catalyst. The wax is then cracked and isomerized to produce drop-in liquid fuels essentially identical to the paraffins in petroleum-based jet fuel, but the FT process does not typically produce the cyclo-paraffins and aromatic compounds typically found in petroleum-based jet fuel.

Jetzt im Detail zu allen Verfahren

@Comebacker Ist Red Rock nicht nur Lizenz- und Reaktorabnehmer? Sie sind nicht als Partner aufgelistet, weder im Altalto noch im Bayou Fuels Projekt.

Red Rock ist Velos Partner

Beim FT-SPK gibt es diese Konkurrenten/Mitbewerber: FULCRUM, BIOENERGY, RED ROCK BIOFUEL, SF PRESTON, KAIDI, SASOL, SYNTROLEUM

Des Weiteren gibt es noch diese Verfahren: -HEFA SPK - HFS-SPK - FT-SPK/A -ATJ-SPK -CH-SK/CHJ -HC-HEFA SPK Die letzteren beiden Fuels wurden erst dieses Jahr zugelassen.

Übrigens das Konzept von Velocys sieht vor bzw. das Vorhaben ist, FT-SPK (Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene) herzustellen. Dieser ist nach dem Standard ASTM D7566 20b standardisiert (wie 6 weitere SAFs, siehe im Standard Annex). FT-SPK kann bis zu 50% beigemischt werden (Blending). Wenn dieser Standard eingehalten wird, ist der gemischte Treibstoff nach ASTM D1655 definiert - also ist damit normaler Jet-Fuel JetA1 und kann somit "normal" verwendet werden.